This is the timeline mentioned in the Scriptures according to Jewish sages and traditions:
Nisan 1 is the beginning of months to Israel.
Nisan 10 Each Israelite family was to select a lamb to slaughter for the Lord’s Passover. This lamb was to be watched to discover any blemishes or defects. It was to become the family’s lamb. Exodus 12:5
Nisan 14 Each lamb was to be slaughtered in the afternoon (possibly around 3pm) publically by the whole assembly. The blood from their lamb is applied to the doorposts of each families home. The lamb is prepared and roasted for the meal that night; served with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.
Nisan 15 begins at sundown. Later that night, the roasted lamb was eaten “in haste” with unleavened bread. This is because Egypt was throwing Israel out of their gates. Why? The death of the firstborns of everything animal and man. The Lord’s Passover is done during a full moon. Thus Israel could see what they were doing in the middle of the night. They are led out by Moses and a pillar of fire and cloud which represents God’s presence.
Nisan 18 The king of Egypt, the Pharaoh, changes his mind and pursues Israel into the desert.
Nisan 21 Israel looks up and sees that they are trapped. They have the Red Sea in front and the Egyptian army coming behind them. The pillar of fire and cloud moves from front to behind. God is now between Egypt and Israel. Moses strikes the Red Sea and it parts so the nation of Israel crosses it without getting their feet wet.
About month later, Iyyar 15, Israel is running out of food supplies they brought with them. They remember what they had in Egypt and start to complain of the conditions in the desert. God gives them manna and quails to eat.
Iyyar 23 Moses strikes a rock that gushes forth water for Israel to drink.
Sivan 1 Israel arrives at Mount Sinai after spending 45 days in the desert.
Sivan 2 Day of Distinction Yom HaMeyuchas Exodus 19:27
Moses ascend Sinai once then descended. Moses return to the mount and was commanded by God to tell the people of Israel to sanctify selves then the Lord Himself will descend and talk to them.
Sivan 4 Moses writes the Torah
Sivan 5 the Covenant was offered Exodus 19:8; 24:7
Sivan 6 the Shabbat following the new moon that year according to Rabbinic tradition. This was exactly seven weeks after leaving Exodus. The law or the Ten Commandments was given. An altar was built with twelve pillars representing the tribes of Israel. Moses threw blood on the altar. After Israel accepted the Torah, Moses threw blood on the people of Israel. The blood signified the signing of the covenant. It is now binding; it cannot be broken.
Then Moses, Aaron, two of his sons, and 70 elders of Israel went up the mount and had a covenant affirmation meal. Then they descend.
Then Moses returned up the mount to receive the tablets with the Ten Commandments on them written by God. Moses remained there for 40 days and nights learning the Torah while Israel was waiting most impatiently. Exodus 24:13-18
Tammuz 17 this day Israel turned its back on God and made a golden calf. They were worshipping it almost immediately after agreeing to the covenant that they would only worship God. Moses came down and broke the tablets that God had written by His own finger. The women refused to participate in the golden calf. Therefore only 3,000 men were killed.
Tammuz 18 Moses burned the golden calf; grounded the remains into powder and put it into water; then he made Israel drink it
Tammuz 19 Moses returned a second time for 40 days to plead mercy from God for Israel.
Elul 1 Moses went up to receive the second set of tablets. He was up there another 40 days.
Tishri 10 Yom Kippur Moses descended to announce to the people of Israel that God has forgiven them.
Tishri 15- 22 Feast of Tabernacles